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THE STATE OF MARYLAND 



AND ITS ADVANTAGES FOR IMMIGRANTS, 
ESPECIALLY 



Farmers, Manufacturhrs 



-AND- 



Capitalists 




PUBLISHED BY 

THE STATE BUREAU OF IMMIGRATION, 

319 N. Charles Street, 

PjALTimore, Maryland, U. S. A. 



I 



t 




r.i) \K1) OK Com MISSION EKS. 

(1) C114KLES N. HAKGETT, PRUSIPENT. ( 'i ^ WILLIAM T. 1'. TIRPIN, SUPERINTENDENT 

(3J HENRY S. MANCHA. (4) lU RBIAN BADENIIOOP, StCRETARY. 



STATE OF MARYLAND. 




^^^.y.. Bureau of Immigration. 



BRLTIMORF, MARYLAND. 



^U. S. A1-- 



I 



BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS. 



CHARLES N. HARGETT, President. 
"WILLIAM T. P. TURPIN, Superintendent. 
HENRY S. MANCHA. 
HERMAN BADENHOOP, Secretary. 



c_ o p ^ Z. 






Z 



IPI^EIFJ^CE 



During many generations the struggle for existence has induced 
miUions of men in all parts of Europe, and among them many of the 
most energetic and enterprising of their nationality, to give up their 
calling and homes in the over- populated Old World and turn their 
thoughts to other and younger parts of the globe, as the surest and best 
means of bettering their fortunes and providing a future for their chil- 
dren such as the old country has ceased to afford. 

Of all trans-oceanic countries. North America has always been, and 
still is, the land of predilection for the immigrant. The reasons for this 
are manifold and obvious. In the first place, the relatively short dis- 
tance and, therefore, cheap transportation from Eunjpe to America 
(considerably shorter than to any other country), is an important fea- 
ture, especially for men with families. Then there is no other country 
that possesses such a variety of soil, climate, products or population as 
that of the northern half of America. It can truthfully be said that 
every man who sets foot on the shores of this country, no matter from 
what part of Europe he may come, can find here his native soil, the 
scenery with which he has been familiar since his youth, people who 
speak his language and among whom he will feel at home. 

Another great advantage which could not fail to attract immigrants 
is that this is at the same time a new country, where vast quantities of 
land of .all kinds, of forests, of mines, etc., can be secured almost for 
the trouble of working them, and that it also has all the improvements 
of older civilized countries. The man who settles here does not enter a 
waste country where he has to do everything himself in order to make 
it habitable ; he finds good roads, a widespread system of waterways 
and railroads, an almost complete system of banking and credit to help 
him along if he is an industrious man deserving of assistance ; in short, 
every facility is afibrded him which can make him thrive and prosper. 
Considering this exceptionally favorable condition of things, how is it 
that not all who have come to this country have prospered as they 
might have done; that not all of them have found it the promised land 
which they expected and which it might have been for them? 



c4 



Because they went to the wrong places. Ill-advised through lack 
of proper information and allured by attractive advertisements of land 
backed by syndicates and railroad companies with no other object than 
that of securing the sale of their lands, they became an easy prey for 
unscrupulous agents, who persuaded them to purchase land in the in- 
hospitable regions of the West and Northwest, which were represented 
to them as an earthly paradise. Then, after making the long, expensive 
journey, they found at the end a desert region, endless wastes and 
prairies, without trees or water, where winter reigns supreme for nine 
months and raging heat renders the short summers almost unendurable. 
There beneficent rains are almost unknown; droughts, hail storms and 
cyclones are of frequent occurrence; and tornadoes repeatedly devastate 
settlements and destroy harvests. The only markets for the farm pro- 
duce are miles away, with no other means of transportation — and often 
no other purchasers — than the railroads, upon which the people are en- 
tirely dependent and which, having no competition, can make their own 
prices and thus take away all of the profits of the farmers' labor and 
industry. Already vast numbers of the farmers who settled there years 
ago have grown tired of the long winters, inhospitable climate and un- 
favorable conditions of life; they are selling out their property and 
coming to the older Eastern States, many of them to Maryland, where 
lands are cheaper, the climate better and the other advantages far 
greater than in the Northwest. These are the regions where in future 
the immigrant has to look for the best place in which to found his new 
home. 

In Europe it is generally believed that the Eastern States are 
densely populated, that the prices of land are high and that it is just 
as hard to make a living there as in any other old country. This is a 
mistake. There are, especially in the Southeastern States, in the im- 
mediate neighlxjrhood of the great sea ports, vast stretches of fertile 
land, in a mild and sunny climate, which can be purchased at low 
prices, where there is quick transportation by rail and water to the great 
produce markets of the vicinity and of the adjoining States. If this 
fact has been until now little known to immigrants, it is only because no 
private interests were involved in booming these regions. Nor is it the 
purpose of this pamphlet to do so; all that we intend to do is to place 
before the intending ejiigrant the real facts, and nothing but the facts, 



concerniag desirable locations for settlement, being fully satisfied that no 
other State offers so many advantages as Maryland. 

With the object of furthering the interests of immigration and 
furnishing to immigrants all desirable information about the country, 
the choice of a location, etc. , the Maryland Legislature established a 
State Board of Immigration. Anybody wishing information as to the 
situation and the quality of the soil of farms and lands offered for sale 
in the State; or concerning the resources at the command of immigrants, 
about the choice of a location for a settlement, the branch of industry 
wherein he is most likely to succeed, or the route by which he can reach 
his destination in the quickest and cheapest manner, is invited to apply 
to the State Bureau of Immigration, which will supply him with reli- 
able information from unquestionable sources. 

The Bureau is not connected with any steam navigation or railroad 
company or real estate syndicate; it is not interested in and does not 
receive any commission from the sale of land, nor does it perform any 
services in a business line for immigrants. Its only purpose is to furnish 
information, and this it does gratuitously. It will protect immigrants 

from imposition by land agents, if such should be attempted. Its office 
is a public one, and its officials are State officers, ready to guide and 
help all intending settlers by furnishing them the names of persons or 
concerns to whom they may safely apply- 
All applications for information by letter, which will be cheerfully 
given, should be addressed to the State Bureau of Immigration, Balti- 
more, Maryland, U. S. A. 

WILLIAM T. P. TURPIN, 

Superintendent. 

HERMAN BADENHOOP, 

Secretary. 









CITY HALL, BALTIMORE, MD. 



lsKJL.TtiriL,J^l>TJD 



There is no State in the country that has a greater variety in its 
natural surroun Hngs. No other State in the Union has. in proportion to 
its area, a coast line so extensive as that oP Maryland, and more persons 
are supported in Maryland by capturing and preparino; the products of 
the water than in any other State. It is '-the land of the forest and 
of the rock, of the broad blue bay and mighty river, " ' and there are 
fortunes in the forest and rocks and in the broad blue bay and the mighty 
rivers, while its genial soil responds liberally to every demand that in- 
telligent labor can make upon it. All of the products of the temperate 
zone, with some of the semi-tropical fruits, are brought forth in the 
greatest abundance in many sections of the State. Those who wander 
in summer in the mountains are refreshed by its lovely scenery of wood 
and field. Nothing can excel its charming landscapes, and everywhere 
the useful is blended with the beautiful — the forest with the craig and 
the quarry, the rugged mountainside with the fertile slope, the rushing 
waters with the green pastures. Here nestles a pretty village and there 
a thriving town; here, a mill and there, a furnace or a factory. Down 
where the State is flanked by the Potomac on one side and the Delaware 
on the other, and where the beautiful Susquehanna makes its way into 
the Chesapeake Bay, the scenery is a grand panorama of luxuriant farms 
and orchards, of winding .streams and deeply shaded woods. From the 
mountains to the sea, the State has been blessed by nature with all that 
can please the eye and command the admiration of man. To these 
attractions let us add those which are aff"orded by the presence of a re- 
fined and hospitable population, living amidst all the conveniences which 
a progressive age has given it — quick transportation by rail and steamer, 
public and private schools without superior, churches of every denomi- 
nation, the two great mai'kets which Baltimore and Washington aflbrd, 
to say nothing of the vicinity of the larger cities farther east or the 
smaller ones within and near the borders of the State. 

The prudent man in search of a home free from the ordinary vicis- 
situdes of the settler in a new country: the farmer who seeks a better 
living nearer the great markets of the East; the capitalist who would 
establish industries where mines and forests, railroads and rivers, and 



6 

abundant labor all combine to promote his purposes, might search the 
whole country from ocean to ocean and he would fail to find a more de- 
sirable location than Maryland oifers. 

The horticultural interest of the State is every day increasing. The 
Horticultural Association of Maryland has a membership in almost 
every county in the State and numbers among its members many of the 
most prominent and influential citizens of the different sections of Mary 
land. Fruits of all varieties and of the best quality, as well as all kinds 
of vegetables, are grown in abundance. The number of small truck 
farms and fine orchards of apples, peaches, plums and small fruits is 
increasing every year. Southern Maryland, as well as the Eastern Shore, 
affords splendid opportunities to those who have a knowledge of trucking 
and general gardening. Flowers thrive in the open air and good markets 
are within easy access. Fruit growing is a very profitable occupation in 
Western Maryland, where cheap lands can be purchased for that pur- 
pose. 

Skilled mechanics and honest laborers anxious to work can, as a rule, 
always find employment in some of the many industrial enterprises in 
Baltimore, where house rent and living are cheaper than in most of the 
arge cities of the Union. At this time all kinds of mechanics should 
be able to find employment in the work of rebuilding the burned district 
of Baltimore. 

Information about business opportunities in the large cities of the 
State, as well as about cheap and desirable lands in Maryland, will be 
gladly furnished by the State Bureau of Immigration and every facility 
afforded to buy desirable homes without paying any commission. Wes- 
tern settlers will find it to their advantage to make inquiry about the 
homes which can be purchased in Maryland. 

Boundaries and Counties. 

The State of Maryland is boundard on the north by the State of 
Pennsylvania, on the east by the State of Delaware and the Atlantic 
Ocean, on the south by the State of Virginia, on the west by the State 
of West Virginia, and has a surface of 12,210 square miles, with 
about 1,300,000 inhabitants. 

The State is divided Into 23 counties: Grarrett, Allegany, Wash- 
ington, Frederick, Carroll, Baltimore and Harford in the north and 
west; Howard, Montgomery, Anne Arundel, Prince George's, Calvert, 



Charles and St. Mary's constitute what is called the Western .Shore; 
and Cecil, Kent, Queen Anne's, Talbot, Caroline, Dorchester, Wicomico, 
Somerset and Worcester form the Eastern Shore of the State. 

Toposraphical Features. 

The State of Maryland is divided iiitu three regions, physically, 
according to elevation: the Coastal Plain, which embraces the Eastern 
Shore and the southern part of the Western Shore; the Piedmont 
Plateau and the Appalachian Region. 

On the Western Shore the Coastal Plain includes the counties of St. 
Mary's, Charles, Prince George's, Anne Arundel, Baltimore City and 
parts of Baltimore and Harford Counties. 

Most of the Eastern Shore is less than 26 feet above sea level; the 
Coastal Plain on the Western Shore is higher. In lower St, Mary's 
County it frequently reaches an elevation of 100 feet not far from bay 
shore, which is gradually increased until it reaches 180 feet near the 
border of Charles. In the southern part of Calvert County is found 
an elevation of about 140 feet, which rises to 180 near the southern 
border- of Anne Arundel County. In Charles, Prince George's and 
Anne Arundel Counties the land gradually increases in height near 
Washington City, which height continues northeastwardly toward Bal- 
timore City, The navigable and most important rivers are the Potomac, 
Patuxent, Patapsco, Gunpowder, Susquehanna, Elk, Sassafras, Chester, 
Choptank, Wicomico and Pocomoke, 

The Piedmont Plateau borders the Coastal Plain on the west, and 
extends to the base of the Catoctin Mountains. It includes about 2,500 
square miles, one-fourth of the area of the State. It is nearly 40 miles 
in width in the southern portion of the region, and broadens toward the 
north to 65 miles. It includes Montgomery, Howard, CaiToll and 
Frederick Counties and the greater part of Baltimore and Harford 
Counties. Its elevation varies from about 250 to 1,250 feet. The 
principal valley is that in which Frederick City is located, which is 
drained by the Monocacy river and its tributaries, flowing into the Po- 
tomac on the west, and by the headwaters of the Patuxent, Patapsco 
and Gunpowder rivers on the east. 

The Appalachian Region forms the western portion of Maryland, 
and comprises about 2,000 square miles, or one-fifth of the area of the 
iState. It consists of a series of parallel mountain ranges with deep 



valleys, which are cut nearly at right angles by the Potomac River; 
many of the ranges being from 2,000 to 3,000 feet above sea-level. 

In the Appalachian Region the winters are, of course, more severe 
than on the Eastern Shore or in Southern Maryland, but the summers 
are most delightful; hence many popular summer resorts are to be found 
there, which are largely patronized by people from Baltimore, Washing- 
ton, Pittsburg and elsewhere. Among these may be mentioned Deer 
Park, Oakland, Mountain Lake Park, Blue Mountain House, Buena 
Vi.sta and Blue Ridge Summit. In all the remainder of the State the 
weather is cool in summer and mild in winter. The climate is invigor- 
ating, and patients resort to all parts of the State, by the advice of 
physicians, for the improvement of their health. The Eastern Shore 
is recommended for persons suffering from pulmonary consumption and 
other diseases of the lungs, asthma, heart disease and rheumatism. 

The streams of the Western Shore have nine elevated sources and 
flow with greater power than those of the Eastern Shore. The Potomac 
River affords fine water power. It falls 230 feet from the Point of 
Rocks to Georgetown, a distance of 4:7 miles. At Great Falls, 14 miles 
above Georgetown, it descends from 80 to 90 feet in a distance of 1-^ 
miles, and the available power is estimated at 20,700 horse-power. 

The Patapsco River is the most important stream for manufactur- 
ing purposes in the State, and offers many sites for factories, but so far 
only about 3,000 horsepower is utilized. Upon the Big and Little 
Gunpowder considerable power has been utilized, as is also the case with 
the Principio, North East and Elk rivers in the upper part of the 
Eastern Shore. 

The Climate. 

The State of Maryland glories in an exceptionally fine, healthful 
climate, its mildness being due chiefly to the vicinity of the Atlantic 
C)cean and the Gulf Stream. The winter lasts only two months, Jan- 
uary and February. Spring is short and pleasant and is followed by a 
long summer with warm days and cool nights. The heat is moderated 
by the constant breeze from the Atlantic. 

A magnificent autumn, known as '-Indian Summer." follows the 
summer, and the farmer can work in the open air nearly all the year, 
giving to all parts of his work the necessary care and attention. Here 
he has not, as in the Northwest, to sit behind the hot stove durino' seven 



months of the year, .spemlini;' what he has been ahk' to save during the 
short .summer. 

The ■western nr prairie States are f'rtcjuentlj visited l)y terrible cy- 
clones or tornadoes, carrying destruction and (leva.stati(tn in their wake. 
As almost the whole .State of Maryland is prijtected by the Allegheny 
Mountains, which cross the western part, such wind-storms are unknown 
here. The Chesapeake Bay and the large riv^ers, by aifording a ready 
outlet to the S3.i, prevent the possibility of floods. The success of fruit- 
raising and trucking for the markets of Baltimore, Philadelphia, Wash- 
ington, New York, Boston and Pittsburg is largely dependent upon the 
t3mperature of the nights in early spring. By the vicinity of the ocean 
and the great quantity of salt water in the Chesapeake Bay, Maryland 
is protected against the deadly frosts which destroy the farmer's products 
in other places. 

The average annual temperature is, in the eastern part of the State, 
58° F. ; in the southern, 5H° F. ; in the north -central, 52° F. ; and 
in the west, from 50° to 53° F. 

According to the statements of many settlers who have come here 
from the Northwestern States during the past few years, the heat of the 
short summers is almost unendurable in Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa and 
Minnesota, the thermometer often rising to 125° F. in the shade. 

Many people fear that, since Maryland lies farther south, it must be 
hotter here; but this is not the case. Here 90° F. in the shade is 
considered very hot, while the thermometer very seldon rises to 100°. 

The following is an extract from the official report of the Weather 
Bureau, giving the highest temperature during the la.st ten years at the 
various places named. It must be remembered, however, that these 
are, as before stated, exceptional ca.ses. 



Toicns. 



Annapolis 

Baltimore 

Cumberland 

Easton 

Frederick 

Laurel 

Pocomoke City. 

Solomons 

Van Bibber 

Westmin.ster 










> 
1-1 




a 

3 

a 




> 

a 

TO 


CO 

CD 


O 
a 


!2! 

o 

<! 




61 


63 


68 


87 


94 


95 


97 


94 


98 


85 


69 


64 


73 


78 


82 


H4 


96 


98 


104 


98 


101 


91) 


78 


73 


70 


6(i 


84 


94 


98 


101 


103 


101 


97 


87 


86 


68 


«5 


64 


S2 


93 


93 


96 


K'l 


98 


93 


87 


77 


66 


U 


6;^ 


7.5 


92 


9,5 


99 


104 


99 


96 


86 


75 


66 


64 


61 


80 


94 


94 


99 


104 


98 


100 


90 


77 


66 


m 


70 


81 


93 


96 


99 


101 


100 


96 


91 


81 


74 


m 


67 


82 


88 


](K) 


99 


99 


98 


9S 


89 


77 


a5 


m 


62 


72 


91 


96 


95 


95 


96 


95 


87 


71 


68 


IJO 


62 


82 


94 


99 


99 


103 


102 


98 


90 


74 


66 



10 



The following table shows the average rainfall in the different parts 
of Maryland : 



Annapolis, 

Baltimore 

Western District 

Northern " 

Southern part of West. 

Shore 

Eastern Shore 



p 

D 


CD 


.1 


> 




c-i 
C 

a 




> 

TO 


•O 


o 


<! 




> 
a 
a 


i 1 : ! i 




















p 


3.2 


3.6 ! 4.3 


3.9 


4.7 


4.0 


4.S 


4.6 4.7 


3.8 


4,3 


3.4 


48.2 


3.0 


3.5 


4.0 


3.3 


4.0 


3 7 


4.7 


4 1 3.6 


3 1 


3.3 


3.2 


43.3 


2.4 


2.H 


2 8 


2.2 


3.6 


3.2 


3.6 


3.7 2.8 


2 7 


2.6 


2.8 


34.6 


32 


3.4 


39 


3.2 


4.0 


4.0 


4.2 


4.2 3.7 


3.3 


3.5 


3.0 


43 .S 


2.4 


3.7 


36 


3.6 


4.1 


2.7 


4.5 


3.9 i 2.6 


3.6 


2.9 


2.6 


40.1 


2.8 


3.4 


3.7 


3.6 


4.4 


2.9 


4.8 


4.1 1 3.(1 


3.5 


3.2 


2.5 


42.0 



The Cities of Maryland. 

Maryland has only three cities whose population exceeds 10,000, 
and only seven towns with over 5,000 inhabitants. 

Baltimore, with 600,000 inhabitants, is the New York of the 
South. Although it is the youngest city on the Atlantic coast — being- 
founded in 1*730 — it ranks among the large commercial cities of America, 
New York, Boston, Chicago and New Orleans. 

The following table, which is taken from the official report of the 
United States government, shows Baltimore's export and its value dur- 
ing the period from July, 1901, to January 31, 1902, in comparison 
with that of several other cities: 



Article. 


New York. 


Baltimore. 


Philadel- 
phia. 


Boston and 
Charleston. 


Barley, bushels 


1,003,571 

31.546,713 

583,906 

10,862,162 

2,513,442 

296,004 

25,224,672 


2,884 

24,716.739 

85,713 

2,938,441 

1,771,892 

54,941 

16,544,001 


2,450 
16,793,571 


92,399 
10,346,870 

8,437 

6,801,849 

1,110,276 

28,449 

7,887,760 

116,548,588 


Corn, " 


Rye, " 


Wheat, " 


3,795,822 
1,326,181 

45,088 
9,126,609 

$17,120,993 


Flour, barrels 


Cornmeal, barrels 

Oatmeal lbs 


Total value of all bread- 
stuffs exported 


$36,540,226 


$21,330,972 



Ship-building is an important industry in Baltimore and manufac- 
turing establishments are both numerous and important. 

Baltimore is a beautiful city, proclaiming in its magnificent dwell- 
ings and monuments the prosperity of its inhabitants. Druid Hill Park 
and Mount Vernon Place are famous for their beauty. The Washing- 
ton monument in the center of the city was the first of its kind erected 



11 

to the ''Father of his country. ' ' BaltiuKire i.s tlie seat of the reiiowntd 
"Johns Hopkins University." 

Cumberland, with u population of 17,128, stand^s next to Balti- 
more in importance. The location of this city, in Allegany County, on 
the upper waters of the Potomac River, with railroads running in every 
direction, is exceptionally favorable for manufacturing purposes. It is 
in the midst of rich resources in steam, coal and lumber. In the im- 
mediate neighborhood are materials suitable for the manufactiuc of glass, 
hydraulic cement and high grade building and fire bricks. 

Hagerstown is the third city in size, with a population of 18,591. 
It is located in the center of the fertile Cumberland Valley and is one 
of the most enterprising towns in the State. It is the distributing point 
for a rich farming country and is also a prominent industrial center. 
The town has several railroads, providing excellent transportation facil- 
ities. 

Frederick is the fourth city in size, with a population of about 
10,000. Like Hagerstown, it is the center of an important agricultural 
region and likewise numerous industries. It is an attractive town, with 
many quaint architectural features that delight the stranger. *Cheap 
lands can be purchased in every section of this county, with splendid 
railroad facilities. 

Annapolis, the capital of the State, is the fifth city in size, with a 
population of 8.402. It is the seat of the United States Naval Acad- 
emy, estabhshed in 1845, and of St. John's College, which was char- 
tered in 1784. The chief industry is oyster packing, the annual ship- 
ment aggregating upwards of 250,000 gallons. The city is provided 
with both rail and steamboat communication. 

Cambridge, the sixth city in ihe State, with a population of 5,747, 
is the largest town on the Eastern Shore. It is in the midst of a fertile 
farming country and 'is an important shipping point for vegetables and 
fruits. It has a fine harbor and its shipping facilities, by both land 
and water, are excellent. The chief industries are oyster packing and 
canning. 

Frostburg, with a popuUitiou of 5,274, is situated in Western 
Allegany County at an elevation of 2,000 feet above tide. It is in the 
center of the coal-mining disti-ict of the George" s Creek Valley, and its 
interests are largely in that industry. 
*5iee page 18. 



12 

Salisbury, with 4, 277 iDhabitants, is one of the most progressive 
towns of the Eastern Shore. It contains a variety of industries, of 
which the most important is the lumber trade. It has both rail and 
water communication. 

Havre de Grace, at the mouth of the Susquehanna, is an import- 
ant town of 3,423 inhabitants. It is situated on the line of both the 
Baltimore and Ohio and the Pennsylvania railroads and offers many 
advantages to manufacturing enterprises. Its fishing interests are very 
important. 

Westminster, with a population of 3,199. is the center of an im- 
portant agricultural region. It is situated on high land near the head- 
waters of the Patapsco River, in a country of more than usual beauty. 
It contains the Western Maryland College. 

Crisfield is situated on the lower Eastern Shore and has a popula- 
tion of 3,165. It has had a very rapid growth on account of its im- 
portant oyster, crab and fish interests. These products are shipped from 
Crisfield in large quantities. It is provided with both railway and 
steamboat communication. 

Easton has a population of 3,074. It has a number of industrial 
establishments, including flour mills, fertilizer works, carriage factories, 
etc. It is one of the most important towns of the Eastern Shore. 

Chestertown is one of the oldest towns of the Eastern Shore, its set- 
tlement dating from 1706. It has a population of 3,008. Among its 
important manufacturing interests are a large straw-board mill, a carriage 
factory and a canning factory. It is provided with both rail and water 
communication. Washington College is situated within its limits. 

Elkton. with 2,542 inhabitants, is one of the most important 
towns of the northern Eastern Shore. It is situated on the Pennsylvania 
Railroad about half way between Baltimore and Philadelphia. It de- 
rives a large trade from the fertile agricultural region that surrounds it. 
It has a variety of manufacturing interests. 

There are many other flourishing towns of smaller population in 
the State, which are rapidly developing and are destined in the course of 
a few years to become important commercial centers. 

Agricultural Productions. 

Maryland ofi'ers unusual advantages to those who wish to devote 
themselves to agriculture. Good farmers are in great demand. Land 



13 

is cheap and can be purchased in tracts of any size from an acre up- 
wards. Every year the farming- of the State is becoming more and more 
varied, and dairyiuj;-, stock breeding, poultry raising, sheep raising, 
packing and other industries are being profitably combined with agricul- 
ture. The removal of a large part of the negro p()i)ulation from the 
country to the cities results in the partition of the large estates into 
smaller fi>ruis, thus aflording an opportunity for immigrants and other 
settlers who are seeking cheap laud and congenial surrt)undings. 

The Maryland soils are famous. "There are none better in the 
world," say the scientists. The state has a remarkably good sequence 
of all the geological formations. 

There are marl bet's of extensive formation in all parts of Mary- 
land. This furnishes a cheap and effective fertilizer and is adapted to 
nearly all crops. 

Gn.ss, wheat, oats, corn, rye, tobacco, truck and fruit are produced 
with more or less adaptability and with success in all parts of the State. 
The same is true of live stock and horses; cattle, sheep, etc., are suc- 
cessfully reared. These branches of industry constitute an important 
source of profit for farmers, since the numerous large cities of the East 
consume far more meat and other ai'ticles of food than can be produced 
in their immediate vicinity. Consequently these products bring high 
prices. Frederick is most famous of all the counties for its wheat and 
cjrn. Garrett and Allegany Counties are the principal coal -producing 
regions. 

The canning of fruits and vegetables has grown to be one of the 
most important, as well as one of the most profitable, of our industries. 
The principal articles canned are peaches, peas and tomatoes, although 
a great variety of other fruits and vegetables are also canned. This in- 
dustry has undoubtedly had a tendency to raise and to keep up the prices 
of these crops. All such products bring better prices now in our mar- 
kets than they did before canning was resorted to. and today Maryland's 
canning interest is larger than that of any other St;>te in the country, 
the Maryland tin can being known wherever civilization reaches. 

Tobacco is extensively produced only in Southern Maryland, 
although it may be raised in any settion of the State. 

The Kastein Shore. 

The Eastern Shor,3 is uniformly level, with good roads. Tl. e 
proximity of the ocean an] the bay Lr^^atly modifies the temperatu:e. 



14 

Creeks and larger streams are so numerous that in some parts of this 
section there is a water approach to a majority of the farms. In Wor- 
cester County fairly good lands can be purchased for from $10 to $25 
per acre; and there is an abundance of it for sale, as not more than 
one- fourth of the land is worked by the owners. 

The soil is red, derived from the disintegration of gabbro and mica 
lands, derived from gnaiss. It is good soil for general agriculture and is 
adapted to wheat, grass, corn, grazing and stock feeding, and to vege- 
tables for canning and early marketing. The average yield of wheat is 
from 25 to 35 bushels. Corn and tomatoes are largely cultivated for 
canning. Grain and the cereals are the staples. 

Kent, Queen Anne's and Talbot Counties have fertile wheat and 
corn lands. They have a stiif yellow clay and subsoil, with about the 
same texture as that of the gabbro and gneiss lands. The land is level 
but has a good under drainage. The fields are large, level and easy to 
cultivate. Wheat and corn are the staples. 

Caroline County is traversed by three railroads and has the addi- 
tional advantage of daily steamboat communication with Baltimore. 
The lands of this county are generally level, with a greater variety of soil 
composition than is found elsewhere on the peninsula — grading from 
light and sandy to the finest quality of wheat and grass lands; fifty-one 
bushels of wheat per acre having been produced in the famous Tuckahoe 
district, and one hundred and six bushels of corn per acre elsewhere on 
the lighter soils of the county. Nowhere is there land more responsive 
to intelligent and generous treatment than is that of this county. The 
fruit and vegetable packing industry has assumed larger proportions in 
this county than in any other of the State. There are operated now at 
difierent points no less than thirty of these establishments, creating a 
great demand for labor of both sexes, and affording a home market for 
vast quantities of tomatoes, peas, beans, peaches, pears and small fruits 
cultivated by the farmers here. 

To this county, immediately after the close of the Civil War, a 
flow of immigration set in from the North, Middle West and Ea.st, 
which established a well-defined epoch in its industrial progress. Cap- 
ital and energy accompanied these immigrants; they bought farms and 
set a pace of improvement that served as both a contagion ^and inspira- 
tion — agriculturally — to the other citizens. The town of Ridgely, at 



15 

that time consistiiiii of one store, a dwelling and a station on the Dela- 
ware and (Miesapeake railway, became the centre for northern settlement, 
with the resnlt that today I'idgely is a flourishing town, pulsating from 
one end of the year to the other with the quickening spirit of business 
activity and enterprise, and is the largest fruit and vegetable shipping 
station on the Eastern Shore. At the present time many of the finest 
farms in all parts of this county are owned and cultivated by Northern 
and Western born peojile. There are, too, quite a nmnber ol' German 
immigrants that have settled here and, almost without exception, they 
are prospering and becoming well-to-do citizens. Denton, the county 
seat, is a pretty town, situated at the terminus of steandjoat navigation 
on the Choptank Kiver and on the Queen Anne's railroad, witliin three 
hours of Baltimore City. The spirit of improvement is greatly in evi- 
dence throughout the town, which is building up at a rate that fiir sur- 
passes anything in its history. The price of land ranges from $10 to 
$45 per acre. 

Wicomico and Worcester are more sandy, higher and lighter as a 
rule than Dorcester and Somerset. They are admirably adapted, as are 
all of the Eastern Shore counties, to the growth of small fruits and 
early vegetables. 

General ftirming and stock raising are carried on in all parts of the 
peninsula, which is famous for its horses, cattle, sheep, hogs and poul- 
try. The peach crop is a specialty of the Eastern Shore, averaging 
from 2,000,000 to 3,000,000 baskets. 

On the Eastern Shore there are many thousand acres of land de- 
voted to the raising of garden truck, such as peas, asparagus, water- 
melons, spinach, sweet and Irish potatoes, string beans, kale, tomatoes, 
cucumbers, celery, beets, etc. 

In this section the strawberry crop has of late years become of per- 
manent interest and importance. Over one hundred carloads of straw- 
berries are shipped daily during the season from the Eastern Shore 
counties to the Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York and Boston markets. 
The value of this crop alone now exceeds the combined value of all the 
products of the peninsula, including pine wood, thirty years ago. The 
cultivation of this berry has become very profitable, ranging from $50 
to $300 per acre. 

The Eastern Shore has a great trunk railway, with connections along 



17 

poplars, hickory, oak and guui timber can he obtained at low rates, and 
when cleared is very productive. 

Good cleared lands sell at from $6 to SI <> per acre. The best river 
bottom farm lands can be bought for $80 per acre. It is estimated that 
at least 30 per cent of the land in Charles County under cultivation in 
1860 is now idle , The soil, however, is good and well adapted to corn, 
wheat, tobacco, grass and fruit, and within the last year or two a Ger- 
man Catholic and a Danish Lutheran colony have been established. 
Several Western American farmers also have bought farms in this 
county. It is traversed by a good railroad and the points along the 
Potomac River are connected by steamboat lines with Washington and 
Baltimore. Good large farms, with fair buildings and not over twenty 
miles by a good road from Washington, have been sold to westerners at the 
rate of $10 per acre; but the price of land shows a tendency to rise 
somewhat, as a result of the influx of new settlers brought about through 
the efforts of this Bureau. 

We have been told by western settlers that land in Maryland is 
just as good as and in many places far better than that of Illinois, for 
instance, where land sells for $125 per acre. The only reason why land 
is still cheap here is that until now but few people outside of Maryland 
have known that there was any land at all for sale in this State. 

The Secretary of the United States Department of Agriculture, in 
his report of 1901, on page 47, says about Maryland: 

"In St. Mary's and Calvert Counties there are eight types of soil, 
which differ gi-eatly in character and agricultural value. They are 
suited to different crops and agricultural conditions; but this fact has 
never been fully realized, and it is only by realization of this and the 
proper adaptation of the soils to the crops that the greatest development 
of the country can be brought about. 

"There are soils there ranging from $3 to $10 an acre which are 
in every way equal to the soils in other localities worth ten times that 
much, and which are profitably worked at this valuation. 

"In Prince George's County a greater number of soil types was 
encountered and a greater variety of interest can be observed. The 
proximity to Washington and Baltimore markets should make it possible 
to introduce extensive methods, which would greatly change the agri- 
cultural conditions of the re<iion."' 



Althougli a great number of Western and European farmers have 
settled in Prince George's County during the past few years, a large 
proportion of its total area is still untilled and every possible inducement 
is presented to those desiring to buy small farms. 

Anne Arundel, in which is situated AnnapoHs. the capital of the 
State, has a great variety of soil. Farming is largely devoted to raising 
fruits and vegetables. In the northern part of the county the price of 
land ranges from $50 to $200 per acre, while iu other sections it is in 
some cases as low as $5 per acre. The a-\'erage price is about $30. 
The soil in many portions of Anne Arundel County is identical with 
that of the famous small fruit growing county of Cumberland. New 
Jersey; but the climate here is more favorable and offers special induce- 
ments to fruit growers, while the location is such that there is a choice 
of excellent city markets. 

Western Maryland. 

The western section of Maryland, wedged in between Pennsylvania 
and the Virginias, is the hill country of the Stale, where bituminous 
coal gives a stimulus to industry, and where manufacturing operations, 
as well as prosperous farming, are carried on extensively. 

The chief source of wealth in Garrett and Allegeny Counties is the 
coal fields and mines. In the former county there is also cheap land 
and rich soil. Sheep raising has already become an extensive and 
profitable industry. The maple sugar industry is also largely prosecuted, 
the average annual crop being about 250,000 pounds. 

Allegany is chiefly a region of mining and mechanical industry. 
Large industrial establishments of all kinds are found here. Two fifths 
of the area is woodland, which, if divided into small holdings, would 
aiford a fine opportunity for immigrants to settle with profit. 

Washington County is a limestone region. The land is rich and 
the wheat crop is large. Great attention is paid to the cultivation of 
fruit — apples, grapes, cherries, plums and peaches. Throughout the 
mountain region peach orchards have been established, and land which 
previously would not have sold for $5 per acre has advanced to $50 and 
even SlOO per acre. 

In Northern and Central Maryland, or the counties of Washington, 
Montgomery, Frederick, Howard, Baltimore and Harford, there are 
generally good soils, and the land is mostly under cultivation. In 



19 

Frederick County, for instance, not only is the soil rich, but the county 
is hiiihly improved and splendidly cidtivated. It ranks almost first 
aniono- the counties of the whole Fnited States in the production of 
wheat; while the value of those pro In t^ iisiidly called "side crops" 
probably exceeds that of the wheat croj), which amounts to about 
2,000,000 bushels a year. Dairying, poultry breeding and fruit grow- 
ing give variety to the farm life. The intelligent and thrifty farmers 
of this part of Maryland have highly bred cattle, horses, hogs and 
other domestic animals.* 

Baltimore County is chiefly given to industries of all kinds, such 
as develop of themselves in the neighborhndd u\' a large city. As to 
farming, it goes without saying that in a territory so close to a great 
metropolis there is a never ceasing demand for farm products, so that 
Baltimore County farmers in the north have the advantage, as Anne 
Arundel producers have in the south, of a market always near at hand. 

In Carroll County dairy farming and stock raising are carried on 
very extensively. There is not much vacant land here, and the size of 
tha farms averages about forty acres. 

In Harford County the soil is especially adapted to fruit and vege- 
table growing. Farms of fnmi 60 to 150 acres can be purchased at 
reasonable prices. The products always find willing purchasers in the 
fruit and vegetable packing houses, of which there are 500 located in 
the county, and where the annual output of canned goods is, in favor- 
able seasons, enormous. Also dairying and the raising of horses, cattle 
and sheep are profitable. 

Howard County has throughout heavy, yellow soil and produces 
good crops of wheat, corn and hay. It is a good locality for thrifty 
and industrious farmers to select for a home, and those who settled here 
within the past few years are well satisfied. Land can be bought at 
from SI 2 to 160 per acre. 

Along the Bay Shore. 

There are many large tidal marshes in Maryland, as might be ex- 
pected in a territory watered like this State. The cause of their being 
of the richest soil to be found is that the Chesapeake Bay is a great 
river valley, receiving the drainage of a vast area of fertile land. Every 
year this drainage brings down a black sediment, which is deposited on 
the marsh lands an 1 enriches the soil, making it of a (piality which, 



20 

with proper cultivation, cannot be surpassed in productivity. In their 
unrechiimed state these lands are used chiefly for grazing. 

Fisheries 

The Chesapeake Bay is a great river valley; not so large as that 
of the Nile or the Ganges, but of enough consequence to play an im- 
portant part in human affairs and to support in comfort and prosperity 
a population as large as that of many famous States. It receives the 
drainage of a vast area of fertile land, stretching over the meadows and 
hillsides of nearly one-third of New York, and nearly all of the great 
agricultural States of Pennsylvania, Maryland and Virginia. 

Natural Oyster Beds. 

The most valuable part of the soil of this great tract of farming 
land, more than forty million acres in area, ultimately finds its way to 
the bay, in whose quiet waters it makes a long halt on its journey to 
the ocean ; and it is deposited all over the bay in the form of fine, light, 
black sediment known as oyster mud. This is just as valuable to man, 
and just as fit to nourish plants, as the mud which settles every year on 
the wheat and rice fields of Egypt. 

This alluvium is, in fact, a natural fertilizer, which sustains an 
endless variety of microscopic plants and animals, on which the Chesa- 
peake Bay oyster fattens and multiplies and becomes the exceptional 
oyster of the world for flavor and other qualities. It is estimated that 
for sixty-six years, that is, from ISS-t, when the oyster packing busi- 
ness was established in Maryland, to the year 1900, upwards of 500,- 
000,000 bushels of oysters were taken from the natural beds in the 
Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries for packing and shipment. Under 
proper restrictions and regulated oyster farming, which must come in 
the near future, the Chesapeake oyster supply will prove an almost 
boundless source of wealth, comfort and prosperity to many thousands 
of the inhabitants of the State. The reproductive power of the oyster 
is most wonderful, and the young oysters attach themselves in millions 
to oyster shells and other refuse thrown into the water for that purpose. 

At present this industry occupies more than 32,000 men, and the 
annual output is about 10,000,000 bushels. The excellent quality of 
these oysterSj which are raised in the Chesapeake Bay exclusively, 
assures them a rapid sale. 



21 

Shad Fisheries. 

The fisheries of Maryland are not to be overlooked. Of these the 
most important are the shad fisheries. The government of the United 
States and of the State have combined to aid our citizens in the prose- 
cution of this branch of industry, and no ignorant local sentiment has 
interfered with their eiforts, as has been the case in other lines. The 
shad, by a knowledge of its nature, has become, in a certain sense, a 
domestic animal and is controlled by man. The fully grown shad inhabit 
the open ocean, but each spring they visit our shores, enter our inlets 
and bays and make their way up to the fresh water, where they deposit 
their eggs. 

Crab Catching. 

Next in importance to the oyster fisheries and the floating fish 
industry is crab catching. It employs a great many persons and adds 
many thousands of dollars daily, during the season, to the wealth of the 
community where this industry flourishes. Crabs are caught in small 
boats, having in them only one or two persons. The proceeds reach the 
laboring classes generally. Crabs are caught either with hand nets or 
with nets called dredges, weighed down with iron, which are held by 
ropes thrown over the sides of the little craft. 

Crabs are shipped alive to Chicago, Duluth, Minneapolis, Denver 
and, we have been informed, to Portland, Oregon, arriving in good 
condition. It is necessary that the soft crab should reach its destination 
alive; it is then healthy and wholesome. If dead but a short time it 
is still edible, but if a long time dead, the crab should not be eaten. 
The only guarantee therefore that it is fresh is to have it alive. 

Crisfield is the largest crab fishing station in the world, and a great 
deal of money changes hands at that place during the season for crabs. 
A large number of firms are engaged in the business, and one firm will 
ship from one to two thousand dozens of soft crabs a day. 

Big" Fish in the Chesapeake. 

The sturgeon, from which Russian caviare is made, abounds in the 
Chesapeake Bay. It is a large fish, weighing sometimes from 50 to 
200 pounds or more. The drum fish is also plentiful; it weighs from 
25 to 75 pounds and is of fine flavor. The sheepshead, so called from 
the resemblance that its teeth bear to those of a sheep, is one of the 
finest fish to be found anywhere in the world. It is quite large, weigh- 



22 



ing from 2 to 15 pouuds. and of the most delicate flavor and texture. 
To those interested in the products of the Chesapeake Bay and its 
tributaries, the following table presents in condensed form what is re- 
garded as a fair estimate of the annual catch, and its value for each of 
the species mentioned: 



Oysters 

Shad 

Menhaden 

Mackerel 

Bay Tront 

Blue Fish 

White Perch 

Fresh Herring 

Eock Fish 

Mixed Fish (Flounders, Pike, Pickerel, 

etc) ,..., 

Yellow Perch 

Hard-shell Crabs... 

Soft-Shell Crabs 

Terrapin 

Clams 



Total., 



5,000,000 bush. 

2,250,000 fish 
92,000,000 lbs. 

1.200,000 
11,100,000 

4,400,000 

14.000,000 

100.000,000 

14,000,000 

10,000,000 
11,000,000 

750,000 bush. 

700,000 doz. 



5,000,000 



13,500,000 

200,000 

300,000 

120,000 

450,000 

260,000 

1,120,000 

1,000.000 

1,400,000 

500,000 
440,000 
340.000 
325,000 
50,000 
15,000 



$10,020,000 



Coal and Iron. 

Coal is found in large quantities on the Western Shore and has 
been extensively and profitably mined ever since the beginning of the 
century. The George's Creek Coal and Iron Company is the oldest 
corporation of the kind in the State, and still remains independent and 
prosperous. It owns 16,000 acres of land and has two principal mines, 
the "Dug Hill" and the "Pine Hill." It has a plant of highly im- 
proved machinery and is capable of putting out 2,500 tons daily. The 
Consolidated Coal Company has a capital of $5,000,000 and is now act- 
ively employed in developing its many productive mines. The shipments 
from this region will aggregate from 4,000,000 to 5,000,000 tons an- 
nually. The coal is bituminous and of the best quality shipped to the 
sea coast. 

Maryland has been a producer and exporter of iron since the be- 
ginning of the 18th century. Indeed, as far back as 1648 mention is 
made of the fact that pig iron was being produced in the Province at 
12 per ton, and in 1681 a duty was placed on iron exported from the 
Province. 




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The furnace of Hon. Charles E. Coffin, at Muirkirk. on the B. k. 
0. R. R.. near Was^hitmton. is ; t present very successfully operated. 
The sinie n)ay he said <<[' tlie Stickney Iron Company of iialtiniore. 
The Maryland Steel Company, at Sparrows Point, is laruely enpijied in 
rolling,' steel nils and in the manufuture of })lates, hriilm's. shijts. etc. 
Copper Miiio.s. 

Copper is also found in the State in no inidiisidcralde (piantities. 
Thi'r ' are three v.'ins of this ore. The first is in the liiuiianore Hills 
an 1 consists of the New Loiiloii and the Dollyliide. 'I'lie second is' 
ahout twenty miles east of tins-. The mines ar- the Sprinutielil. near 
Sykesville; the Minend Hill, ahout five miles northeast of the S])ring- 
field; and the Patapsco, near Finksliur^'. Five uules to the northea.st 
is the third deposit in the Bare Hills, near >It. Washington. These 
two, while not running now, have considerable prounse of ore; Imt the 
low price of copper, the smallness of production and the cost of equip- 
pinz with modern machinery have for years prevented them from being 
worked. The success of the companies has been subject to great vari- 
ation. Chrome ore is also found in the Bare Hills and chrome has been 
for years successfully produced by Jesse Tyson, Sr. , and afterwards by 
Jesse Tyson. Jr. Gold has long been found, principally in Montgomery 
County, hut not in profitable < piantities. 

Bnildina" Stones. 

An exceedingly valuable granite is found in Maryland, chiefly along 
the Susquehanna River, near Port Deposit. The output of McLanahan 
& Bro. ' s quarry is annually about 70, 000 tons and is valued at $200. 000. 
A fine quality of granite is found near Woodstock, in Baltimore County. 
Fully three-fourths of the material for the fine granite work in Balti- 
more has been procured from this quarry, while in Washington it has 
been extensively used in the Capitol, the Patent Office, the Post Office 
and the new Congressional Library. 

Sandstone, admirably adapted to building purposes is found abund- 
antly on the Western Shore. A bed of Seneca red sandstone enters 
Maryland from Pennsylvania between Emmitsburg and Union Bridge, 
extending towards Point of Rocks. Another area occupies the southwest 
part of Montgomery County, on the Chesapeake and Ohio (\inal. 
Extensive (juarries ar^' situited at the mouth of Seneca Creek in 
Montgomery County on tin- Chesa])eake and Ohio Canal. Tliis .><tone 



24 

is a favorite with builders. It is strong and durable, easily worked and 
beautifully' colored. When first quarried it is comparatively soft and 
susceptible of very delicate carving, but soon hardens on exposure. 
The Smithsonian Buildings in Washington are built uf this stone. 

Roofing slate is found in the famous Peach Bottom region in Har- 
ford County, of fine (juality and in large quantities. It is also found 
near Ijamsville, Frederick County. 

The marbles of Maryland are famous among the building stones of 
the United States, and justly so. The finest are found in Baltimore 
County, along the belt extending from Lake Koland to Cockeysville, 
which is traversed by the Northern Central Railroad. Marble is exten- 
sively quarried at Texas and to the north of Cockeysville. The marble 
in the Washington Monument in Baltimore came from the Beaver Dam 
quarries in this section. The United States government tests show 
that for durability and strength it is unequaled. It is used extensively 
in Washington, Baltimore and Philadelphia; 163.T3-I: cubic feet of it 
are in the Washington Monument in Washington, D. C. The Metro- 
politan Club, New York City, contains 40,000 cubic feet. The Peabody 
Institute, City Hall and Maryland Club House in Baltimore are con- 
structed of this stone. 

Decorative stones of great beauty and value for luiilding purposes 
are also found in Maryland. Some of these are faund in Wakefield 
Valley, near Westminster, and near New Windsor and Union Bridge. 
We should not omit to mention the calico rock or Potomac marble, found 
near Washington Junction, in Frederick County 

Cement of fine quality is manufactured at Cumi^erland. at Han- 
cock, Sharpsburg and other places in Washington Courity. 

Clay of the best quality for brick making is found in many locali- 
ties and is highly prized for building purposes. Fire l)rick clay is also 
abundant, as well as that employed in making pottery, etc. 

The following table shows the average annual output (if mineral 
products in Maryland: 

Coal 15,000,000 

Brick and Tile 1.100,(MjO 

Pottery 500,000 

Kaolin 10,000 

Flint 27,500 

Sands 50,000 

Marls .",,000 

Silica, or tripoli 5,000 

Iron ore (carbonate) 20,000 

Mineral Paints 80,000 

$5,547,500 




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25 

Building Stoue: 

Granite and Gneiss $ 500,000 

Limestonp 80,000 

Slate 100,000 

Marble and Serpentine 80,000 

Sandstone 30,000 

Gabbro 5^000 

Miscellaneous 5,000 

$800,000 

Cement: 

Eock Cement $ 180,000 

Portland Cement 20,000 

• $200,000 

Lime (agricultural and building) 720 000 

Gold 'soo 

Eoad Materials 100 000 

Mineral Waters 35000 



Total 18,653,000 



26 



Industry. 

While the rural districts of Maryland have predominantly an agri- 
cultural population, the State is by no means behind others in regard to 
manufacturing and other industrial enterprises. According to the census 
of 1900, 149,069 persons, or 12|- per cent of the total population, are 
engaged in manufacturing. In Baltimore City and the diflferent counties 
of the State there are 9,880 manufacturing establishments, with a total 
working capital of $163,422,260. 

The following table shows how these are distributed through the 
State: 



Counties. 



The whole State. 

Allegany 

Anne Arundel 

Baltimore City 

Baltimore 

Calvert. 

Caroline 

Carroll 

Cecil 

Charles 

Dorchester 

Frederick 

Garrett 

Harford 

Howard 

Kent 

Montgomery 

Fringe George's 

Queen Anne's 

St. Mary's 

Somerset 

Talbot . 

Washington 

Wicomico 

Worcester 



No. Fac- 


Working 


tories. 


Capital. 


. 9,880 


$163,422,260 


250 


6,375,175 


124 


3,012,756 


6,361 


117,869,175 


333 


16,812,468 


35 


77,721 


118 


395,577 


300 


1,672,197 


150 


1,681,081 


40 


103,730 


132 


807,845 


353 


2,386,538 


110 


1,216,655 


295 


2,001,749 


82 


1,196,441 


77 


505,151 


131 


273,805 


57 


467,471 


75 


227,692 


8 


80,162 


93 


475,641 


114 


604,621 


376 


3,107,123 


165 


1,503,231 


101 


568,255 



No other State in the Union possesses such an extensive system of 
natural waterways, ship canals, good country roads and numerous rail- 
roads as Maryland. In all parts of the State the settler has two or 
three modes of transportation at his command, and, as the freights are 
very low, the products of the soil can be transported at a nominal cost 
to the great markets of Baltimore, Washington, Wilmington, Philadel- 
phia, New York and Boston, which can be reached in from two to eight 
hours. 



27 

The priucipal railrotuls which traverse Maryhind are the followiiiii': 

Tlie Baltiuiore and Ohio 11. K. 

The Pennsylvania R. E. 

The Queen Anne's R. K. 

The Maryland and Pennsylvania 11. U. 

The Western Maryland R. R. 

The Annapolis and Baltimore R. R. 

The Baltimore, Chesapeake and Atlantic R. R. 

Steamship Lines. 

Atlantic Transport Line. 

Baltimore Steam Packet — Bay Line. 

Baltimore, Chesapeake and Atlantic- Railway and Steamboat Co 

Baltimore, Chesipaake and Richmond — York Rivtr Line. 

Baltimore and Philadelphia Steamljoat Co. 

Chester River Steamboat Co. 

Chesapeake Steamship Co. 

Ericson Line. 

Merchants and Miners Transportation Company. 

New York and Baltimore Transportation Co. 

Roanoke, Norfolk and Baltimore Steamship Co. 

Tol Chester Steamship Co. 

United Fruit Co. 's Steam Liuesboat. 

Weems Steamboat Co. 

Wheeler Transportation Lines. 

The steamers of the North German Lloyd and Hambur<i-American 
Lines maintain a regular weekly service between Baltimore, Hamburg 
and Bremen, and large piers are now being built and arrangements for 
similar service are being made by the Baltimore and Ohio R. R. Co. 
with several other foreign steamship lines. 

Conclusion. 

The intending settler in Maryland has the choice between moun- 
tainous, hilly and flat land; and likewise between broken and unbroken 
land, while the jjrices vary according to its condition and the improve- 
ments made. 

For those who wish to avoid the hard work of breaking woodlands, 
the Eastern Shore and Western Shore offer abundant opportunities to 
procure well cultivated aral)le land with buildino's, orchards and woods, 



28 

in the immediate vicinity of navigable rivers and railways, on good roads 
at very reasonable prices, from $14 per acre upwards. 

For settlers who are accustomed to live in mountainous regions, the 
western part of Maryland has land for sale at even cheaper rates. 

A farmer in Maryland can, on a farm of from 40 to 60 acres make 
a better living than in the Western and Northwestern States on a 200 
acre farm. Therefore we can conscientiously advise both capitalists and 
small farmers or families who want to possess a little estate of their own 
and devote themselves to agricultural pursuits, to come to Maryland and 
establish their home here. 

The man who possesses a few thousand dollars to purchase a farm 
in Maryland and pay cash for it is at once assured of a good future. 
But also a less favored settler, if he possesses only from $400 to $800, 
can have a good start in Maryland and by dint of industry and economy 
can attain independence and prosperity. 

A fact worth remembering is that families of immigrants when 
travelling to the Western, Northwestern and Southern States of America, 
have to spend from $150 to $200 for railroad tickets from New York 
to their destination; by going to Maryland they can save all that money 
and invest it in land. 

The following tables, taken from the last census of the United 
States, may be of interest to settlers: 

Maryland. 

Extreme width of State from east to west, miles 240 

Extreme length of State Irom north to south, miles 325 

Total area of State, square miles 12,210 

Land surface of State, square miles 9,860 

Water surface of State, square miles 2,350 

Average number of persons to the square mile 120 

Incorporated villages, towns and cities in Maryland 98 

State Educational Facilities. 

Number of schools in counties of Maryland 2,357 

Number of schools in Baltimore City 176 

Number of normal schools 2 

Schools f(tr the deaf and dumb 2 

Maryland School for the Blind 1 

Hii:h schools in the counties 51 

Maunal training schools in counties 17 

Expenditures for pnl)lic schods in Baltimore, 1901 $1,218,734.28 

Expenditures for public schools in counties, 1901 1,469,063.13 




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30 

How to Reach Maryland. 

As has already been stated, the North German Lloyd and Hamburg- 
American Lines maintain a regular weekly service between Baltimore, 
Bremen and Hamburg. For those immigrants who land at New York 
the railway trip from there to Baltimore (by either the Pennsylvania or 

the Baltimore and Ohio R. R. ) lasts only a few hours and is so inexpen- 
sive that it does not enter into the account. 

Settlers from the Western States come via either St. Louis or 
Chicago. The best route from the eastern provinces of Canada is via 
Buffalo, N. Y. 

The following table gives the distance and approximate rate to 

Baltimore from various important cities: 

Miles, ist Class. 2nd Class. 

Atlanta. Ga 688 $18 70 

Birmingham, Ala 802 22 25 

Bismarck, N. D 1,657 4170 

Boston, Mass 418 10 30 

Buffalo, N. Y 402 10 00 

Charleston, S. C 551 17 05 

Cheyenne, Wyo 1,811 44 75 $42 50 

Chicago, III 802 17 50 15 00 

Cincinuati, O ,. 593 14 00 12 00 

Cleveland,© 474 1100 9 00 

Columbus, O , 511 12 75 10 00 

Denver, Colo 1,850 44 75 4150 

Des Moines, la 1,158 27 65 24 50 

Detroit, Mich 653 14 25 13 30 

Galveston, Texas 1,561 38 75 36 25 

Helena, Mont 2,341 60 00 52 00 

Indianapolis, Ind 704 16 00 13 00 

Jackson. Miss 1,050 27 70 23 45 

Jacksonville, Fla 807 23 85 

Kansa^s City, Mo 1,211 27 75 24 50 

Little Kock, Ark 1,156 27 40 24 90 

Louisville, Ky 703 16 00 14 45 

Memphis, Teim 969 24 20 2170 

Milwaukee. Wis 887 20 05 17 55 

Montgomery. Ala 863 23 20 

Monlieal, Canada 574 15 95 

New Orleans, La 1,150 28 70 

NewYoik, N. Y 186 5.30 

Omaha, Neb 1,295 .30 25 27 75 

Ottawa, Cnnada a 686 16 65 

Philadelphia, Pa 96 2 80 

Phffinix. Arizona 2.700 72 65 66 60 

Pierre. S. I) 1,575 39 05 36 55 

Pittsburg. Pa 333 8 00 

Portland. Oregon 3,144 75 00 63 00 

Quebec, Canada 737 17 30 

Kaleigh. N. C 335 9 90 

Kichmoud, Va 155 4 70 



31 

Miles. \si Class. 2tid Class. 

Salt Lake City, Utah 2,372 57 75 52 00 

San Francisco, Cal 3,159 77 75 64 50 

St. Louis, Mo 934 20 25 17 00 

St. Paul. Minn 1,212 29 00 26 50 

Toledo, Ohio 595 13 50 12 00 

Washington, D C 40 120 

Winnipeg, Canada 1,694 42 55 

AVe often receive re(iue8t.s for lionieseekers' tickets, and in regard 
thereto, must say that we are not in a position to offer anything in that 
line, as the railroad companies are very much opposed to our efforts to 
bring people from the West to Maryland. Every farmer in the West 
is a good customer for the railroads, as all of his grain and cattle — in 
fact, everything that he has for sale — must be transported by rail to the 
large cities of the p]ast. But farmers in Maryland, as they live close 
to markets, have to spend very little or nothing for the shipment of their 
produce. 

The fact that the railroad companies are always willing to give 
reduced rates and sometimes even free tickets to such points as are dis- 
tant from markets, and will do nothing for j^eople desiring to settle in 
Maryland, where they are within easy reach of half a dozen giant cities, 
should be a good reason for a prospective settler to pay his fore to inves- 
tigate this State. 

The old idea of the J^uropean immigrant was to go to the West — a 
section of the country thoroughly advertised and well known across the 
ocean. This was not so with regard to the more conservative older States. 
Our purpose in writing this pamphlet is to set forth clearly and accurately 
the facts concerning Maryland and the many advantages that it offers to 
settlers. In no respect is the West better than Maryland, on the con- 
trary, as we have already stated, in many particulars our State surpasses 
the Western States. Here every sense finds gratification. The eye is 
pleased with beautiful scenery — mountains or valleys, rocks and glades, 
and the broad bay and beautiful rivers. The mocking bird and other 
sweet songsters delight our ears; Avhile fish, game and fruits gratify the 
taste. The winter cold is moderated by the ocean and bay, and the 
summer heat is tempered by the same influence. 

Sawmills abound here and timber is found everywhere in great 
abundance and very cheap. 

To the inmiigrants from England, Ireland, North Germany, Hol- 
land and Belgium, who are accustomed to the flat lands of those coun- 
tries, the Eastern Shore will be especially attractive; while those coming 
from Scotland. France, Scandinavia, Switzerland, and South (jermany 
will be pleased with the hilly land of the Western Shore. No greater 
variety, beauty or excellence can be found anywhere. We can please all 
and we have room for all. 



32 

In Maryland suitable soil, if properly cultivated, will produce 40 
busliels of wheat to the acre, and the cost, including grass seed, fertil- 
izer, threshing, etc., is $14.70. The returns from sale, at 70 cents 
per bushel, are $28 per acre and $2 additional for the straw. 

Under highly improved cultivation, the yield of corn is 80 bushels jiil 

per acre; the cost of production $15.40; while the proceeds at 45 cents ^* 

per bushel, amount to $36, with $7 additional for the fodder. 

Land properly cultivated will yield 4,000 quarts of strawberries to 
an acre. The cost of production, including picking and delivery, 
amounts to $185.55; the proceeds, at 7 cents a quart, to $280, making 
a net profit of $94.45 per acre. 

The tomato crop is also very profitable. The young plants are set 
out in the spring ; many do this with a machine, but two persons can 
easily plant seven acres in a day by hand. The plants should be placed 
the same distance apart as in the case of corn and cultivated in the same 
manner. The canning factories pay on an average $8 per ton for toma- 
toes, and an acre will produce from 6 to 18 tons, according to the quality 
of the soil. 

The value of the cereals produced in Maryland in 1902 is estimated 
at $19, 000, 000, that of the potatoes and hay at more than $4, 000, 000. 
The value of the dairy and poultry products probably exceeds that of 
the wheat crop, which is $11,283,000. The demand for these articles 
is much greater than the supply, consequently they bring good prices at 
all seasons. In the neighborhood of the larger cities trucking and 
fruit growing are very profitably combined with poultry raising, often 
on farms of not more than five or ten acres. 

In Maryland many farmers devote part of their time very success- 
fully to the culture of bees, and there is nowhere a better climate for 
the cultivation of flowers than that of Maryland. Two English florists, 
who have settled in Baltimore County ten and thirteen miles northeast 
of the city, daily send to all parts of the United States and even of 
Canada a great many large boxes of the most beautiful roses, carna- 
tions, violets and other choice flowers. Both of these men began on a 
small scale and have been very prosperous. 

On a farm of from 40 to 60 acres a settler can. by industry and econ- 
omy, live comfortably and attain to easy circumstances, if he and his family 
can cultivate their own land. He can dispose of his products with little 
expense, as railroad and steamboat lines run in all directions and freight 
rates are low. A farmer who lives along the water can have his own 
sailboat and take his products to market himself. 

No fear need be felt of blighting frosts and the farm work can 
proceed almost all the year round. We can only add that any self- 
respecting and upright person coming here from another State or from 
abroad to settle in our midst is assured of a hearty welcome from Mary- 
landers. 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



014 313 740 5 



HARYLAND COfiniSSIONERS 

TO THE 

Louisiana Purchase Exposition, 

ST. i.ouis, no. 

flay ist, to Dec. ist, 1904. 



GEN. L. VICTOR BAUGHMAN, 
Chairman. 
FRANK N. HOEN, FREDERICK P. STIEFF, 

Vice-Chairman. Treasurer. 

COMMISSIONERS: 



MRS. MARIE A. FISHER, 
MRS. FRANCES E. LORD. 
GEN. L. VICTOR BAUGHMAN 
FRANK N. HOEN, 
FREDERICK P. STIEFF, 
FRANCIS E. WATERS, 
WILLIAM A. MARBURG, 

SAMUEL K. DENNIS, 
Secretary. 



FRANKLIN P. CATOR, 
HENRY J. McGRATH, 
WILLIAM H. GRAFFLIN, 
WESLEY M. OLER, 
THOMAS H. ROBINSON. 
JACOB M. PEARCE, 
ORLANDO HARRISON, 



